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Though *who* may be of lower birth?

A little while ago, I wrote an entry entitled “Questioning Srila Prabhupada.” This is the first toe-dipping into that arena.

The quote in question is from Bhagavad-gita 9.32:

O son of Prtha, those who take shelter in Me, though they be of lower birth–women, vaisyas [merchants], as well as sudras [workers]–can approach the supreme destination.

What is actually being said is those that take shelter in Krishna can approach the supreme destination. That’s the whole intent of the verse.

Both Krishna (in the original Sanskrit) and Srila Prabhupada (in the translation) mention “women, vaisyas and sudras.”

In the original Sanskrit, it is a list: those of lower birth, women, vaisyas, also sudras. But in Srila Prabhupada’s translation the list is describing “lower birth.” He describes “lower birth” as women, vaisyas and sudras.

This, of course, is where the controversy is.

In no other Gaudiya-Vaisnava translation and commentary that I’ve seen is it translated as such. The verse is a great one. It is saying that love of God is available to anyone without discrimination. However, it also appears that Srila Prabhupada is discriminating against women, vaisyas and sudras, calling them “lower birth.”

To me, this term is not so much insulting as it is truthful. I have always taken it to mean “worse situation from birth.” Technically, the word “papa-yonayah” means “troubled womb.”

If someone is, for instance, born a black woman or in a working class family, it’s probably going to be a tougher life than someone born as a while male in a rich family. That’s just a fact. And technically, one would be a “higher birth” and the other a “lower birth.”

I don’t see this particular verse as Srila Prabhupada saying that “women are worse than men.” The real purport is that everyone is eligible, no matter your social status.

Like I said before, the original Sanskrit and every other translation avoids this confusion and does not claim that “women, vaisyas and sudras” are of a lower birth. But it does mention “papa-yonaya” – basically troubled families.

Why Srila Prabhupada chose to translate it this way is beyond me. While I don’t believe he was exposing a prejudice here, he certainly could have phrased it in a clearer way. After all, this is a very anti-prejudicial statement by Krishna.

Again, my take on it is that women, sudras, people from troubled families and pretty much anyone that’s going to get a crappy end of the stick due to how they were born and where they were born (black, gay, poor in a place that is prejudiced against them) is, by definition a “lower birth.” It’s not going to be an easy life because of the situation at birth. Lower birth = crappy birth.

“Lower birth” is a material designation, it has nothing to do with the spiritual (as this verse says). However, Srila Prabhupada’s choice to translate it like this could easily turn off women (right away) and workers/farmers when they figure out what “sudras” and “vaisyas” are. Someone could easily take this to mean that Srila Prabhupada is being prejudiced against them – and in his translation that appears to be so.

If he had translated it as it was in Sanskrit and as other acaryas and gurus in our line have translated it, it would be much clearer and wouldn’t require a long explanation.




Related posts:

  1. Greetings from the Lower 48 – Christmas Mix CD 2009
  2. Bhagavad-gita: The futility of material attainment (8.16)
  3. Ellwood Blues vs. Michael Jackson – separated at birth?
  4. Bhagavad-gita – Among women I am…. (10.34)
  5. Bhagavad-gita: Those who have love of God, receive love of God (4.11)

31 responses so far

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31 Comments

Comment by ThomasLBNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 06:15:28

He grew up with a different cultural and linguistic background. Maybe what was intuitive to him is not intuitive to us.

This is kind of an awkward example, but if I told you George Bush was a “frat boy,” you’d intuitively know that I meant more than just “He was in a fraternity.” There’s a whole cultural backdrop that you’d stick in automatically.

Maybe there was a backdrop Srila Prabhupada was assuming we’d stick in automatically- but we don’t.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 07:07:52

That’s quite possible. I mean, you very well could be right about that.
But that’s a slippery slope. Wouldn’t that make him “conditioned?”

Comment by ThomasLBNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 07:12:19

Well, it would make him human. Is that such a bad thing?

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 07:56:04

Human, no. But racist, sexist and judgmental… yes, I’m afraid it is a bad thing. I’m becoming increasingly not ok with it and don’t really know what to do about it.

 
 
 
 
Comment by AnonymousNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 07:13:41

Eric

As I understand it, Srila Prabhupada is a very special soul selected by Krishna and Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu to spread KC all around the world. There is no doubt that 99% of the time Krishna empowered him to present the knowledge and philosophy of Bhakti. At the same time, I feel that Srila Prabhupada had his own opinions on few things and presented it in his books. Remember everything Srila Prabhupada spoke have been recorded and available to general mass now. There are so many devotees who accept every single word that Prabhupada spoke as the absolute truth coming from Krishna itself. That’s why there are so many fights, quarrels happening all over the internet and real world.

I came to know about spiritual life only through Prabhupada’s ISKCON so I am eternally grateful to him for giving me Krishna and His devotees. But at the same time I also use my little intelligence and discriminative ability to understand things “as they are” :)

Hare Krishna.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 07:54:51

Yes, this is true. He presented his own opinions in his books. But even he said that nothing should be added. Just repeat what was said by the previous acaryas.

He added some of his opinions on material matters and some folks have used them to exploit or be materially prejudiced against women, jews, blacks, homosexuals, children, etc.

With a little intelligence, we can sort the spiritual from the material – but that’s just the problem. Discrimination against people based on skin, culture, sexuality, etc require zero intelligence and therefore many have chosen that easier route.

And sometimes it seems that Srila Prabhupada himself has chosen that route.

Like I said, it’s a very slippery slope.

Oh and I do very much appreciate your comments, but why be Anonymous? If folks judge you for what you actually believe, to hell with them. :)

 
 
2009-03-27 08:27:18

Yes Papa yoni in contrast to the next verse
How much more this is so of the righteous brāhmaṇas, the devotees and the saintly kings. Therefore, having come to this temporary, miserable world, engage in loving service unto Me.

The word punya, pious, is only used in connection to the Brahmanas and Ksatriyas, where as the others are under the classification of papa yoni.

 
Comment by Pandu dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 13:37:00

We’re all prakriti in relation to Krishna, but women are prakriti relative to man. We get different kinds of bodies according to past karma. I don’t see what’s the difficulty understanding this, which I presume to be a generalization, especially in Kali Yuga, when things get weird. I do have a problem with the notion that Srila Prabhupada was materially conditioned with inappropriate sexism, etc. That would paint him as irreligious, which is quite offensive. Hare Krishna.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-27 20:07:07

I have a problem with that notion too, but I have more of a problem accepting some of the material things he said. What should I do about that? Simply not question it because it might be “offensive” to do so? I sure hope not. That’s not the cult religion philosophy that I signed up for.

Comment by Pandu dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 19:56:28

If you don’t want to accept Srila Prabhupada’s teachings, no one is forcing you to do so. (I wasn’t aware that you signed up for anything.) It sounds like that is what you’re saying. However, you should know that there is no way you can get bhakti as long continue criticizing Srila Prabhupada or any pure devotee. Your little Bhagavad-gita comparison project is a good way to end up a so-called “Vaishnava” scholar without any real understanding of Krishna. I’m very sorry to see you going that way. No mundane ideas of social equality are worth sacrificing one’s opportunity to develop Krishna consciousness. Hare Krishna.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:05:01

My little Bhagavad-gita comparison project has actually taught me a much deeper understanding of our tradition, our philosophy and of Krishna than I had prior to doing it. If it’s not your cup of tea, that’s ok.

You seem to really want me to be at the point of no longer being able to accept Srila Prabhupada’s teachings. Why is that?

And why is questioning something Srila Prabhupada said “criticizing”? Why isn’t it just “questioning?” See, that’s what makes us a cult as opposed to a philosophy. I did not join a cult, I subscribed to a philosophy. If we don’t question our choices from time to time, we end up kind of brainwashed. I’ll pass on that.

It’s sad to see that disagreeing with one (or even a few) of the things Srila Prabhupada has said automatically means that I don’t want to accept anything he said. That’s sort of cultish too.

 
 
 
 
Comment by ThomasLBNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 03:43:25

This might interest you: link. It’s a little essay about how we shouldn’t judge other times and cultures by the standards of our own. It’s quite good.

Personally, I will be forever grateful to Srila Prabhupada. Coming to America at his age and in his health was nothing less than heroic. He demonstrated a tremendous faith in God and love for people.

But the bottom line is, he was human. Everything he knew, we can learn; everything he did, we can do; we can have a relationship with Krishna every bit as deep and fulfilling as the the one he had.

And that, I’m sure, is what he wants for us.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 13:46:22

Thomas, I tend to agree with you here (though I think many may not).

Maybe we’ve elevated Srila Prabhupada to a very unhealthy degree. Maybe it’s to a degree that even he can’t live up to.

As for the essay, I generally agree with that. Being a Civil War buff, I’ve had to practice this quite a lot (on both sides of the Mason-Dixon line). But I guess it’s harder when it’s Srila Prabhupada.

 
 
Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 13:21:09

Brahman = mode of goodness
Ksatriya = mode of passion
Vaisya = mixed modes of passion and ignorance
Sudra = mode of ignorance

In the Krsna Book, Srila Prabhupada states that unless one comes to the Brahminical platform, he (she) can not become a pure devotee.

Instead of seeing things always on the material plane, try to see things on the self-realized plane. The purpose of Srila Prabhupada’s presentation was always to prepare devotees to be admitted into the spiritual world. Different rules and needs apply for someone seeking that goal.

If instead we want to remain in the material world, where we seek honor, prestige, judge each other by bodily types, seek profit, adoration, and distinction, then the statement that “women, vaisyas, and sudras” are of lower birth is sure to cause offence to these people.

There are very few true or qualified Brahmans or even Ksatriyas in this Age of Kali, existing on this planet right now. All of us, myself included, are of lower birth.

He often compared the hopelessness of spiritual progress by his disciples to “washing coal”. When a sudra chants Vedic mantras, there is practically no effect.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 13:41:00

But how can one be even open to Krishna consciousness if they’re told “you’re of lower birth” or “you’re less intelligent” or “you like to be raped” or “you’re black, you should remain slaves”?

Please tell me that.

He did not say that we are all of lower birth in the passage. He said it many times elsewhere, but not here. I’m talking about here.

My question is WHY did he say these things?

And I call pure bullshit on your statement here:
If instead we want to remain in the material world, where we seek honor, prestige, judge each other by bodily types, seek profit, adoration, and distinction, then the statement that “women, vaisyas, and sudras” are of lower birth is sure to cause offence to these people.

Who was Prabhupada writing for? He wanted his books, specifically his Gita to be distributed widely to everyone. “Everyone” mostly includes people who are not on the spiritual platform. So why did he say this to the very people you admit he’d offend?

It makes no sense.

 
 
Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 14:48:24

Sorry that you feel that what I am writing to you is just “pure bullshit.” I really put a lot of thought into what I said here, so it makes me feel really sad that in your eyes I am just writing only bullshit. I admire you, from our interactions at your Hing site, and I thought we were friends, but I guess I don’t really know you that well personally.

I can see though that you can’t stand Srila Prabhupada. That’s ok. Find someone you do like, can listen to, and appreciate. It will be very difficult for you or anyone else to continually offend Srila Prabhupada by your words, and make any advancement on any spiritual path. One of the symptoms of the Brahminical stage is gentleness. Unless one comes to the Brahminical stage advancement will be very difficult.

Lord Krishna teaches in Bhagavad-gita that to make spiritual advancement in life, one should find a qualified guru, serve him (or her), and inquire from him submissively. If Srila Prabhupada is not the one for you, why torture yourself – move on. At the same time, understand that there is the possibility that many people do find light and guidance in the words of Srila Prabhupada, and try to appreciate them as well, by not disturbing their minds with your anger and resentment.

You will have to see for yourself what works. See if your remaining continually angry and offensive towards Srila Prabhupada helps your spiritual path. See if you become happy living that way, and feel more at peace?

Find someone that you feel is a qualified spiritual authority, who is worth listening to in your eyes. You probably never met Srila Prabhupada personally, so may be difficult for you to understand why anyone could appreciate him. You probably feel that I am insane too be attracted to Srila Prabhupada, as he repulses you so.

I have found light, spiritual happiness and joy through the Krishna Consciousness Movement. I feel that Srila Prabhupada is the one for me, with his controversial statements and all. I have tried other teachers and other methods, but this is the path I chose, and it is the one for me. But it might not be the one for you, and that’s ok.

For me, I met Srila Prabhupada personally several times. I have studied his works and words for more than 39 years now. I have been an initiated disciple since 1970. When I have questions, he answers me through his books. I have tried it many times. I often use Srila Prabhupada’s books as an oracle. I will ask a question, and then open the book randomly and get the answer I need. Sometimes I will be reading along, have a question, and it will be answered in the next sentence, or paragraph.

I don’t often go to the temple personally, or even home programs. I like to practice alone at home.

I had an interesting experience though happen to me personally in my exchange as a disciple with Srila Prabhupada. I attended a home program at a devotee’s house, which is something I don’t often do. Jayadvaita Swami was speaking. Something he said upset me. I really objected to what he was saying, and in my mind I had a challenging question for him, but I didn’t want to bother him, or upset the devotees and guests. When I got home, from the program, for some reason I turned on a DVD recorded lecture of Srila Prabhupada from the early 1970’s. In the lecture suddenly Srila Prabhupada stopped speaking, opened his, looked up and directly into the camera (into my eyes), and answered my question from Jayadvaita’s lecture earlier that evening, some 25 years later. To me that is pretty cool.

I did state that I am probably a Sudra, so I am not offended by the statement that I am of lower birth. Srila Prabhupada stated that no one living in the material world is an honored guest. We are all prisoners here. Srila Prabhupada did use flatery sometimes, to get his message across, but at other times he called a spade, a spade.

Perhaps get as far away from ISKCON and Srila Prabhupada as you can, so you can heal and move on in your life. It will take time to forget it all, so be patient with yourself. There are some questions that just don’t have answers right now. Agonizing over those unanswerable questions will just tend to torture your mind. I know – I suffer from extreme,and incurable OCD. I repeat the same kind of questions that you have over-and-over 10,000 times a day, without any relief. Srila Prabhupada stated the problem with Americans is they want “instant everything”. Your questions may eventually be answered in time – but no guarantees.

Comment by RatiNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 15:59:13

Hari bol! I just wanted to point out that my husband and I both know Eric quite well, and he is definitely NOT against Srila Prabhupada in any way shape or form.

I’ve actually really appreciated this. (Even though I didn’t totally get or completely agree with everything I read.) I learned this verse (and many others) as a kid. But I have to say that it struck me with new meaning today, that *whatever our situation, if we devote ourselves to Krishna we can attain perfection.* That’s pretty far out.

 
 
Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-28 15:32:49

I am light years away from not being able to “stand” Srila Prabhupada. I am questioning, that is all.

Brevity is next to godliness. :)

 
Comment by AnonymousNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:10:40

Eric,

Anonymous here again. I am feeling unhappy that people started branding you as anti-Prabhupada without really understanding what you are trying to ask through valid questioning.

I feel that now you should have some quick chat with Krishna Himself (through Supersoul obviously). He is Bhakta-vatsala, so He will guide you one way or another.

Hare Krishna :)

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:12:43

It is a shame, I have a feeling that they didn’t really read what I wrote. Maybe they skimmed and then focused on the comments. Maybe they assumed they knew what I was going to say. I’m rarely ever black/white. And I’m not always consistent (like how, even though I may not agree with some of the things Srila Prabhupada wrote, I don’t feel that his books should have been changed).

I’m an odd duck.

Comment by RatiNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:16:09

an odd duck indeed, lol!

 
 
 
Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:11:40

I am in the same boat as you about not knowing my place. I am 57 years old now and still haven’t found my place in life, even after searching and questioning for many years. My best advise though is be honest with yourself. Figure out where you stand on things, where your loyalties lie, who your real friends are, and don’t burn all your bridges.

That is easy for me to say, I guess. I change my mind almost daily. Like I said, I don’t know my place, even after searching a really long time. I am not a self-realized soul, and until I become one I will never really be able to see things as they are properly, in relationship to understanding who I was in lives past, who I am now, and where I am going in the future. Those are the kinds of questions that are most important to find the answers to.

I sense you like to write with ISKCON devotees and at least somewhat enjoy or appreciate their association. At the same time there is frustration and dissatisfaction in your writings about how your spiritual life is progressing, at least in other places.

For me it is all about keeping association. If I burn all my bridges, I run out of places to write, and I am blocked from communicating. I have to write every day to keep my sanity. At the same time I have to control myself as much as possible and not burn all my bridges, by always just speaking my mind, without any diplomacy. That is kind of a description of my place.

I like the Ferengi quote, from the “Ferengi Rules of Aquisition” – “always keep your lies consistent.”

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:13:11

Hey, thanks! One of the things I’m trying to do is find exactly where I don’t have a place. My life is pretty fun. I’m enjoying it quite a lot. My spiritual life could use work (it’s a process), but even that is consistent and I’m happy with it.

I do enjoy ISKCON devotees, as well as nonISKCON devotees… if both are not angry. I have no desire for anger or drama over my spiritual life.

I try my best not to burn bridges and it’s rare that my bridges get burned. I chose my words carefully and think about what I say before I say it. Sure, not everyone agrees with me, but I’m ok with that.

As for association, that mostly comes via the telephone and internet. I’d love for there to be a big community in Seattle. I would definitely live there. But Seattle’s ISKCON seems very Hindu-based and that’s not my style. I would like to plug into a devotee community though. Hell, there are bridges that I’ve not even crossed yet, let alone burned!

Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:14:08

I read everything you wrote and I didn’t skim. I am not that intelligent though – I only finished the 10th Grade, well I did get my GED. I read, but I don’t often deeply understand. But I promise you though that I read everything you wrote.

What I mean by consistent, is be consistent at the different sites you post on. If you are against ISKCON, then be honest everywhere in your feelings. If you reject Srila Prabhupada, be honest and say it everywhere in the same way.

Figure out how you feel and stand by your feelings. I have shades of gray. I am somewhat loyal to Srila Prabhupada, being his disciple. He has given me a lot. And a lot more than I can ever repay. In many ways there is the chance that I may be defined as “an ungrateful disciple”. At the same time I had a bad experience when I met him, and as a result don’t fully and completely trust him. When I write defending and standing up for Srila Prabhupada, in the face of criticism of him, in the back of my head I have to question if I am really that loyal.

There are many different degrees of acceptance of your spiritual teacher. I took initiation, but maybe I rushed into it, and should have taken more time. Maybe I shouldn’t have gotten initiated at all, since my faith is so shaky, and I have many doubts. No doubt Srila Prabhupada is the one for me. To me he is the best of teachers. But still I have questions and trust issues. I am giving myself as an example. Hope it has some relevance to you.

 
 
 
Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:14:40

I know it is difficult to appreciate the many Indians that are in ISKCON temples now. They may seem very foreign to you. I guarantee though that if you get to know some of them they are just normal people like you with many similar interests. They have their time to be devotees and they have their time to be normal people too.

My wife and I befriended many Indian devotees at the local temple. They want to be accepted as “Americans”, and do everything you like to do, like riding down the road, while at the same time they enjoy being devotees too.

I don’t go to the temple that often, even though it is less than 10 miles from my home, because honestly it is very embarrassing to see newer devotees (the Indians and others), doing everything I am supposed to be doing as a disciple, but I don’t do anymore. I feel embarressed and ashamed everytime I go.

I also have to be honest too. I hate being pressured to give money every time I go, so that is another reason I stay away. Remember though “bring you own thali!”

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-29 18:16:56

Whoa there. I have absolutely nothing against Indians. I don’t really even have anything against Hindus.

But I do have something against ISKCON temples milking Hindus for cash. I’ve also got something against ISKCON celebrating Hindu (as opposed to Gaudya) holidays – again for cash.

That’s my problem.

Comment by AnonymousNo Gravatar
2009-03-30 12:09:14

Very true Eric. Here in Boston, the temple guys are celebrating Holi this Saturday and it was funny that the Temple President himself went and bought color powders for the event. They are having pretty cool stuffs like sons of wealthy Indian people allowed to sing Lord Nrsingha prayers for their birthdays!!! They also allow uninitiated normal Indian people to do abhishek for the Deities (from altar) since they sponsored the festival event!!!

Can’t really blame the managers since many North American ISKCON centres are up and running because of contributions from Indian congregation :)

Hare Krishna.

Comment by ericNo Gravatar
2009-03-30 15:22:57

My view on that is a bit… darker. If the temples can’t stay open without becoming Hindu temples, then close them.

That’s a bit harsh, but there are already a lot of Hindu temples and that’s great – for Hindus. What about Gaudya-Vaisnavas? Where do we worship now?

It’s a problem I’m currently facing in Seattle. I’d like a nice temple, but all we’ve got is a ISKCON Hindu temple that takes 45 minutes to get to. There used to be an ISKCON temple about a mile or two away from my place, but that’s been gone for awhile now.

There are also ritviks who practice and do a pretty nice harinama here, but I’m not a ritvik.

Kinda lonely though.

 
 
 
 
Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-03-30 17:40:30

In the ISKCON temple I go to, many of the devotees from the Indian community chant 16 rounds each day, follow the four regulative principles, engage in regular Deity worship, such as stringing all the garlands, contribute piles of Laxmi to support the temple functions, and temple construction, serve the devotees, personally serve out the Sunday feast to guests and devotees alike, and pay for the feast.

I have to say frankly that they appear in many ways to do better service, at least presently, than many of Srila Prabhupada’s original disciples. It is embarrassing for me to go to the temple these days. I feel ashamed in the presence of these devotees, especially when they try to offer me respect as a Srila Prabhupada disciple.

I thought, when I formally moved out of the temple in 1986, that within a year ISKCON would be gone for good. What happened instead I think is Krishna replaced me with new and better devotees, who were only too glad to take my place.

I think somebody sang “life goes on with you or without you”, but I probably misquoted the song.

 
Comment by Suresh dasNo Gravatar
2009-04-03 18:21:38

One of the problems with accepting everyone indiscrimately is you get some types of people you don’t necessarily want to be in your organization, like child molestors.

Maybe for future reorganization of your spiritual society, you will have to be selective about who you let join to protect yourself and your kids, as an example.

 

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